Fall Garden, 2013 Edition

Fall has arrived with cooler conditions prevailing lately, and now the calendar has made it official as well! I’ve got a variety of things planted for fall, and so far most of them are looking good. I sowed turnip seeds back in late August, and they have been thinned once and are mostly weed free. The stems are swelling up and the greens are healthy, and it won’t be long before the baby turnips are ready. My wife and I both love the roots and the tops, and I planted a fairly large amount this year, mostly a mix of the white salad types (Hakurei, Oasis, Tokyo Cross) and some purple tops. They went in the unprotected kitchen garden in the spot where half of the 2012 garlic crop grew. Deer don’t usually bother them, so hopefully they will be safe this year.

fall turnips

fall turnips

This bed is about 30 feet long, and I planted about 2/3s of it in buckwheat at the same time I sowed the turnip seed. The buckwheat is blooming like crazy, and normally it would be covered in honeybees. But since ours are gone, the buckwheat is visited by bumblebees and a few other pollinators, but not many honeybees. It will add organic material to the bed when I turn it into the soil in a few weeks, which is the main reason I planted it.

cover crop of buckwheat

cover crop of buckwheat

I planted kohlrabi in one of the cold frame beds back in early August. Some of the Winner variety are almost ready to harvest. The Kossak variety won’t be ready for about another month. The slugs have been bad in that bed, despite my using Sluggo. And the compost I added has made for a lot of weeds. I’ve had a hard time keeping up with both of those problems! Oh well, the plants seem to be doing okay anyhow.

kohlrabi sizing up

kohlrabi sizing up

I also gambled and sowed some spinach seed in another cold frame bed. I say gambled, because usually it is tough to get spinach seed to germinate here in September. Normally it is too hot, and the seed refuses to sprout. This year it came right up in a few days. That should mean we get a taste of spinach before really cold weather gets here. At least I hope so.

fall spinach coming up

fall spinach coming up

In the main garden I planted kale, broccoli and cabbage last month. Some of the broccoli (Packman) is already heading up. Fresh broccoli will be a welcome addition to our meals for sure.

fall broccoli heading up

fall broccoli heading up

We’ve already started eating the kale. I made a couple of batches of kale chips last week with some. In addition to my current favorites Lacinato, Beedy’s Camden and Red Ursa, this year I also planted a dozen of the Wild Garden Kale Mix. More on that project in a later post. All of the kale is ready to start harvesting. It’s a good thing we like kale, because there’s lots of it! The Lacinato was lovely and covered in dew early yesterday morning when I was taking photos.

dew covered Lacinato kale

dew covered Lacinato kale

I’m not sure if the Brussels Sprouts will give us anything or not. I am reminded now about why I stopped growing them a few years back: they take forever! These plants have been in the ground since early July, and they are smaller than the kale, cabbage and broccoli that I planted in August. Hopefully they will give us a few sprouts, someday. We will see!

Brussels Sprouts plants in late September

Brussels Sprouts plants in late September

The cabbage is already starting to head up. It should give us several heads while we wait for the Brussels Sprouts. The Ky Cross in the below photo is a flathead type that did great here this spring.

Ky Cross cabbage plants

Ky Cross cabbage plants

Though it’s not a fall crop, the Kumi Kumi squash vines may well prove to be the last squash standing this year. They are still setting baby squashes, even though the rest of the winter squashes have given it up for the year. Apparently it didn’t get the memo about Fall arriving! This one has been a great producer for us. We had some grilled just yesterday.

young Kumi Kumi squash

young Kumi Kumi squash

I hope you have enjoyed seeing how the fall garden is doing here. I’ll be back soon with more news as it happens!

Posted in Gardening | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | 7 Comments

Homemade: Paprika

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, paprika is ‘a usually mild red condiment consisting of the dried finely ground pods of various sweet peppers’. In the kitchen it’s indispensable for goulash, and valued by cooks all over the world for seasoning and coloring a variety of foods. Hungary is one of the world’s leading paprika producers, and the climate there makes for paprika that has a lovely red color and a rich, palate-pleasing flavor. But even though some of the best paprika comes from Hungary, you can easily make it yourself from homegrown or store-bought peppers regardless of where you live.

homemade paprika

homemade paprika

In Hungary, more than 40 different varieties of paprika peppers are grown. But while there are certainly special pepper varieties that can be used to make paprika, in reality any red ripe pepper will work. The key is to have really flavorful peppers, and to dry them thoroughly before grinding. The peppers need to be dry in order to prevent spoiling, and to make it possible to grind them to a fine powder.

Greek peppers before drying

Greek peppers before drying

This year I am growing two pepper varieties specifically for paprika: Alma, and Dulce Rojo. Alma is a small round pepper that starts out white then turns to red, and it has thick juicy walls. Alma is mildly spicy. Dulce Rojo is a long slender thin-walled pepper that turns from green to red as it ripens. It is sweet and has no heat.

Alma paprika peppers

Alma paprika peppers

If you live in an area with a dry climate, you can hang the peppers up to dry. You do want to keep them out of the sun, which will discolor the peppers, giving them and the paprika a burned appearance. Since the climate where I live is anything but dry, I use the dehydrator, which also has the advantage of being much quicker than air drying. If you have a dehydrator with an adjustable thermostat (like our Excalibur), you want to set it on 135°F, which is the setting for fruits. Using a dehydrator, it takes one or two days to dry the peppers, depending on the thickness of the walls of the peppers. If possible I like to remove the seeds before drying, and cut the peppers into pieces to speed up the drying time.

peppers ready for dehydrating

peppers ready for dehydrating

As I said earlier, any ripe red pepper can be used. You can make it with no heat, a little heat, or fiery hot, depending on your preferences. Or do like I do and make more than one version. After all, commercial paprika is available in several different heat levels.  I used a mix of ripe Golden Greek pepperoncini and ripe Fushimi peppers to make one batch. Yes, that means I made paprika with Greek and Japanese peppers! And it turned out great, with a lovely red color and a moderate level of heat. Another batch had a few ripe, spicy Pimiento De Padrons and some sweet red Jimmy Nardellos. It’s so easy to go international when you make it yourself!

dried peppers ready for grinding into paprika

dried peppers ready for grinding into paprika

After drying you can grind the peppers by hand using a mortar and pestle, or else use a spice grinder, food processor or blender. I use an electric grinder, which is actually a Krups herb and coffee grinder that is now dedicated to grinding herbs and spices. You can grind up a handful of rice to clean it up after making something spicy like paprika or chili powder.

dried peppers in spice grinder

dried peppers in spice grinder

To remove the larger bits and pieces after grinding, I sift the powder through a fine-mesh strainer, and run the bigger stuff through again.

ground peppers

ground peppers

The finished result is homemade paprika, made to your own specifications and tastes. Like all herbs and spices, it should be stored in an airtight container away from heat or light. For longer storage you can also store it in a glass jar in the freezer.

sifting paprika to remove bigger pieces

sifting paprika to remove bigger pieces

This year I have made three batches of paprika so far, and each has been different and unique. The first was made with the Greek pepperoncini peppers and the Fushimis, and came out a lovely dark red color, and with a good bit of heat. Another batch was made from a mix of Alma, Dulce Rojo, and red ripe bell peppers. That one is lighter in color, and mild and sweet tasting. The third batch was made of a mix of peppers, mild and hot (including the above mentioned Pimiento De Padrons and Jimmy Nardellos), and came out with a medium heat. Of course I love all three of them – because I made them myself!

closeup of homemade paprika

closeup of homemade paprika

So whether you grow your own peppers like I do, or buy them at a farmer’s market, ethnic grocery or at your favorite supermarket, you can make your very own paprika with a minimum of effort and a maximum of flavor. It would make a great gift, or you can use it all yourself like I will probably do. Wherever it winds up, it will be a unique and memorable homemade treat. I hope you have enjoyed this article on how to make homemade paprika, and I’ll be back soon with more gardening and cooking adventures from Happy Acres.

For more information on drying, growing and using peppers, check out these related articles:

  1. Drying Peppers
  2. Basic Fermented Hot Sauce
  3. No-Rooster Chili Garlic Sauce
  4. Sriracha-Style Hot Sauce
  5. Smoked Peppers
Posted in Food, Homemade | Tagged , , , | 11 Comments

The Good, the Great, and the Terrible

The good in the title of this post is the Good Mother Stallard pole beans. They have taken quite a long time to produce, at least a month longer than Cherokee Trail of Tears and Rattlesnake, but I have finally started harvesting them. GMS makes plump beans that sort of remind me of the French Horticultural variety in their size and shape, though the color is different. I bought some of these beans last year for cooking, and decided to try and grow them myself this year. The results so far look promising, and I believe they will be worth the wait. They are a good bean for cooking, that much I know already.

Good Mother Stallard beans and pods

Good Mother Stallard beans and pods

closeup of Good Mother Stallard beans

closeup of Good Mother Stallard beans

It has been a great year here for summer squash. I’m still harvesting the Striata d’Italia zucchini and the Enterprise and Gentry yellow squashes, which is amazing for September. Normally the vines have died out by now, but these three are still going strong and rambling all over the place. I have hauled in over 150 pounds of summer squash already this year. Needless to say the two of us can’t eat that much, so we have given a lot of it away. We are still enjoying them while they last though. And there’s plenty in the freezer for later use. I took the big zucchini in the below photo and made stuffed zucchini with it one night for dinner, topped with some dairy-free Daiya cheese.

September harvest of Striata d

September harvest of Striata d’ Italia, Enterprise and Gentry squash

stuffed Striata d

stuffed Striata d’Italia zucchini

The winter squash have done great too, and I have harvested 150 pounds of them as well, with quite a few large ones remaining on the vines. We’ve been giving these away too, though we have held on to most of them since they aren’t perishable like the summer types. One notable performer is Kumi Kumi (or Kamo Kamo), which is a New Zealand heirloom variety that can be used as both a summer squash and a winter squash. This variety is not for small gardens, as it has vined all over our fencing in two different directions! We haven’t tried it as a winter squash yet, but it is very good when used like zucchini. The green ribbed skin matures to a yellow/orange color.

mature and young Kumi Kumi squash

mature and young Kumi Kumi squash

And now for the terrible news, at least to me, and to our honeybees. My wife’s first visit to the hive was not a happy one. We opened up the hive prepared to harvest 7 or 8 frames of honey that were capped and ready (20-25 pounds), and what we found was a hive literally covered with the larvae of the small hive beetle (SHB). This pest crawls in the hive and lays eggs on the frames, and when they hatch the larvae start eating everything in sight, including the wax, honey, pollen and young bee larvae. It was not a pretty sight to behold.

me surveying the damage

me surveying the damage

small hive beetles on inside top cover of beehive

small hive beetles on inside top cover of beehive

hive beetle larvae crawling on top of frames

hive beetle larvae crawling on top of frames

Mind you, I had last visited the hive just a little over a week earlier, and saw no signs of the beetle larvae. But the tiny eggs hatch in 2 or 3 days, and can do a lot of damage in a short period of time. The bees can defend the hive against a small number of beetles, but when the numbers are this big they don’t stand a chance. The queen and the bees have left the hive, so we will start over next year with some new bees. Beekeeping is not a slam-dunk, easy operation for sure, and I had no delusions that our hive would escape problems. Pests like varroa mites, wax moths, and small hive beetles are always a possibility as are diseases like foulbrood and nosema. Still, this one caught me totally by surprise, as the hive was going strong and we were harvesting an incredible amount of honey. So it goes.

nothing left on this frame but SHB larvae

nothing left on this frame but SHB larvae

What’s significant in the above photo is what’s not there – no honey, pollen, bee eggs or bee larvae, just hive beetle larvae and their slimy residue. The only silver lining I can find in that cloud is that when we start over next year, my wife will be heavily involved in all the operations. She has already volunteered to paint the new hive – this time in pastel colors. How cool will that be! I’m surprised she isn’t wanting to tie-dye or marble the exterior, given her fondness for those activities with fabric and other media. At least we have a good amount of honey harvested to hold us until the next harvest, which might not be until 2015. We will see, and hope for a quick buildup next year with the new bees.

Dancer eggplant along with Alma and Dulce Rojo peppers

Dancer eggplant along with Alma and Dulce Rojo peppers

Enough of the bad news from the beehive. I’ll close with more good news from the harvest department. I’m still getting a steady harvest of eggplant, and now more and more ripe peppers are ready. In the above photo we have Dancer Eggplant along with the round Alma pepper and the long slender Dulce Rojo. Both it and the Alma are good for making paprika, which will be the subject of an upcoming post. And I harvested quite a few of the Italian eggplants last week to make a batch of Baba Ghanoush.

Nadia and Galine eggplant

Nadia and Galine eggplant

Baba Ghanoush

Baba Ghanoush

Many of the peppers are winding up in the dehydrator, where I am drying them for both paprika and chili powder. That’s some of the homemade paprika topping the Baba Ghanoush in the above photo. It is my new favorite thing right about now! I’m getting all sorts of ripe peppers, from Anaheim and Biggie Chili to Aji Dulce, Trinidad Perfume and Aji Angelo. I want to do some taste tests on the new peppers once I have a few more of them. I also have lots of the Happy Yummy peppers ripening now. I am trying to accumulate enough of them to make a fermented hot sauce. Last year I used them to make a lovely orange colored Sriracha-Style Hot Sauce, and I will probably make some more of that too.

Anaheim and Biggie Chili peppers

Anaheim and Biggie Chili peppers

Aji Angelo peppers

Aji Angelo peppers

ripe Big Bertha bell peppers

ripe Big Bertha bell peppers

It was great news yesterday when I found one more ripe Ambrosia melon. I thought they were done for the year, but this one managed to ripen. It was ‘only’ three pounds, but it made for a tasty and unexpected treat.

Ambrosia cantaloupe

Ambrosia cantaloupe

And last but not least, a summer planting of Verde da Taglio Chard has produced its first harvest. It was lovely chopped and sauteed with a little olive oil and garlic. The dozen plants should keep on producing until really cold weather hits.

Verde da Taglio chard

Verde da Taglio chard

That’s about it for this harvest news roundup. To see more gardening news, visit Daphne’s Dandelions, where Daphne hosts the Harvest Monday series. I’ll be back soon with more happenings from HA!

Posted in Beekeeping, Gardening | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , | 20 Comments

Saturday Spotlight: Jimmy Nardello Pepper

I love peppers of all kinds, especially when they are ripe. Of course, a ripe pepper of any color has a flavor that is totally different from that very same pepper when it is green. But I found out pretty quickly that it isn’t always easy to grow peppers to maturity. As a rule peppers seem to be pretty picky about their growing conditions. They need warm weather to ripen but can’t take too much heat, and need enough moisture to grow but not so much as to cause disease problems, and so on. Fortunately, there are some peppers that aren’t as picky as others. For me, the open pollinated Jimmy Nardello is one such pepper. I’ve sung its praises here before, but I think it is worth mentioning again in its very own Spotlight.

harvest of Jimmy Nardello peppers

harvest of Jimmy Nardello peppers

I love food that has a story, and this pepper certainly has one. Giuseppe and Angela Nardiello brought a few seeds of the family’s favorite pepper along with them when they immigrated to the U.S. from southern Italy in 1887. Their son Jimmy kept the strain of peppers going, and donated some to the Seed Saver’s Exchange before he died in 1983. And I for one am so glad he did! It’s been a star performer for me here ever since I started growing it.

Jimmy Nardello pepper plant

Jimmy Nardello pepper plant

Jimmy Nardello is often listed in catalogs as a ‘frying pepper’, but that’s not the only thing you can do with them for sure. You don’t even have to cook them at all, because they are quite tasty eaten raw. One of my favorite cooking methods is to grill them, which tends to bring out the rich sweetness of this pepper. And they are also great when dehydrated, which concentrates the flavor even more.

grilled Jimmy Nardello peppers

grilled Jimmy Nardello peppers

In my garden, Jimmy Nardello is early to ripen, and is usually the first ripe sweet pepper I harvest. It’s prolific, and I’ve not had any issues yet with disease or pest problems.

Jimmy Nardello heirloom peppers

Jimmy Nardello heirloom peppers

For an easy to grow open pollinated sweet pepper, Jimmy Nardello is at the top of my very short list. I hope you’ve enjoyed this Saturday Spotlight, and I’ll be back soon with another variety.

To see my other Saturday Spotlights, visit the Variety Spotlights page.

 

Posted in Gardening, Saturday Spotlight | Leave a comment

Soap Making and Custard Baking

So, you might be wondering, what do making soap and baking custard have to do with one another? Not much, really, except they were the two notable things I did on Saturday. And I thought that while neither of those activities warranted a blog post on their own, when you put them both together there might be enough substance for one. We will see!

Peppermint Honey Oatmeal Soap (from March)

Peppermint Honey Oatmeal Soap (from March)

First, the soap making. My wife and I have been making cold process soap for a little more than three years now. During that time we have made over 40 batches of soap, giving much of it away to friends and using the rest ourselves. We love to experiment – so much so, that we have rarely followed the same recipe twice! We decided we needed to simplify the process and pick a handful of our favorite base recipes. Plus we wanted to “decouple” the scent of the soap from the base recipe and make the recipes more generic. For instance, Peppermint Honey Oatmeal Soap now becomes Honey Scrubby. It can be scented with anything, and it can have oatmeal added as a mild exfoliant, or something else like poppy seeds, ground luffa or orange peel, and so on. And our Coconut Lime Soap becomes Basic Coconut Milk.

frozen coconut milk before adding lye

frozen coconut milk before adding lye

The other thing we wanted to do was change our recipes to stop adding additional ‘superfatting’ oils at the very end of mixing (aka trace), before pouring the soap. The theory was that if you added your most luxuriant oils at the end (like shea butter or avocado oil) then more of them would be present in the finished bar of soap. We had long questioned whether this really made a difference (other than adding more fat to the recipe). And after our favorite soaping experts from Soap Solutions (Mary and Tracy) went off to a soaping conference this year, they came back with the scientific answer that “no, it doesn’t”. So we decided to stop the practice, but that meant changing a couple of recipes where we added an oil at trace that wasn’t in the base recipe. If we just dropped that oil it would change the makeup and performance of the soap, so it had to be incorporated.

spraying silicone mold with oil before pouring

spraying silicone mold with oil before pouring

Saturday we found some time to make two small batches of soap using the tweaked recipes. Since we really don’t need oodles of soap at this point, we cut our usual two pound recipe in half to make a one pound batch (oil weight). For that we decided to use our round silicone molds. It will be several weeks before we get to try the soaps and see how our recipes worked. While we are waiting we will likely make a few more one pound batches to test our base recipes. We identified eight recipes to include on our short list of keepers, including four made with water, two made with goat’s milk and two made with coconut milk. I will post the recipes here when we get them tested and are happy with them.

soap after pouring into molds

soap after pouring into molds

And now, for something completely different! After making the soap, I whipped up a batch of pumpkin custard using the last container of last year’s frozen pumpkin puree. I wanted to make room for the new squashes once I start baking them and freezing the puree for later use. This year we have a bumper crop of winter squash, and I am looking for more ways to use this nutritious vegetable in the kitchen. Since a pumpkin custard is basically a pumpkin pie without a crust, and since I love pumpkin pie, I figured this would be a healthy way to get my pumpkin fix without the added calories of the crust.

pumpkin custard baking in the oven

pumpkin custard baking in the oven

I can’t remember the last time I made custard of any kind. I certainly haven’t made it since my wife and I got married, and that is coming up on 6 years now. After researching some recipes I decided on one from Eating Well that sounded good to me. I mixed up eggs, milk, pumpkin, maple syrup and some spices for this recipe. It took about an hour in a 325°F oven until the custard was cooked. By the end of that time, the whole house smelled like Thanksgiving! That is, assuming you celebrate Thanksgiving like we do and bake pumpkin pie.

finished Pumpkin Custard

finished Pumpkin Custard

The recipe called for putting crystallized ginger on top of the custard after baking. Since I didn’t have any on hand, I decided to put ground ginger in the custard itself. Both my wife and I liked the way the custard turned out. It had a great taste and a creamy, smooth consistency. I think perhaps I will try using less maple syrup the next time I make it. But it satisfied my craving for pumpkin pie, and now I have one more delicious way to use pumpkin and winter squash.

Maple Pumpkin Custard topped with whipped cream

Maple Pumpkin Custard topped with whipped cream

That’s an update on what’s been cooking at Happy Acres lately. I’ll be back soon with more adventures as they happen!

Posted in Food, Homemade | Tagged , , , | 4 Comments